工业事故和灾难中气体的不受控制的排放导致生命和财产损失巨大。这样的极端事件需要对现场进行快速可靠的调查，以进行有效的救援策略计划。为了实现这些目标，可以部署一个无人驾驶飞机网络，调查受影响地区并确定安全和危险区域。尽管在文献中对基于无人机的单一基于无人机的系统进行了充分研究，但是针对此类应用程序部署的研究（更强大且容忍度更高）仍处于起步阶段。该项目的目的是设计一个可以在紧急情况下部署的系统，以便在给定区域中快速调查和确定安全和危险的区域，该区域包含有毒羽流，而无需对羽状位置做出任何假设。我们专注于端到端的解决方案，并制定两相策略，该策略不仅可以保证羽流的检测/采集，而且可以通过高空间分辨率进行表征。为了确保通过一定的空间分辨率覆盖该地区，我们设置了车辆路由问题。为了克服有限的传感器和无人机资源范围施加的局限性，我们使用高斯核外推估计浓度图。最后，我们评估了模拟中建议的框架。我们的结果表明，这种两阶段策略不仅提供了更好的错误性能，而且在任务时间方面也更有效。此外，2阶段随机搜索与2相均匀覆盖范围之间的比较表明，后者对单个无人机系统更好，而对于多个无人机，前者以低计算成本提供了合理的性能。

情绪预测在心理健康和情绪感知计算中起着至关重要的作用。情绪的复杂性质是由于其对一个人的生理健康，精神状态和周围环境的依赖而产生的，这使其预测一项艰巨的任务。在这项工作中，我们利用移动传感数据来预测幸福和压力。除了一个人的生理特征外，我们还通过天气和社交网络纳入了环境的影响。为此，我们利用电话数据来构建社交网络并开发机器学习体系结构，该架构从图形网络的多个用户中汇总信息，并将其与数据的时间动态集成在一起，以预测所有用户的情感。社交网络的构建不会在用户的EMA或数据收集方面产生额外的成本，也不会引起隐私问题。我们提出了一种自动化用户社交网络影响预测的架构，能够处理现实生活中社交网络的动态分布，从而使其可扩展到大规模网络。我们广泛的评估突出了社交网络集成提供的改进。我们进一步研究了图形拓扑对模型性能的影响。

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

Accurately predicting their future performance can ensure students successful graduation, and help them save both time and money. However, achieving such predictions faces two challenges, mainly due to the diversity of students' background and the necessity of continuously tracking their evolving progress. The goal of this work is to create a system able to automatically detect students in difficulty, for instance predicting if they are likely to fail a course. We compare a naive approach widely used in the literature, which uses attributes available in the data set (like the grades), with a personalized approach we called Personalized Student Attribute Inference (PSAI). With our model, we create personalized attributes to capture the specific background of each student. Both approaches are compared using machine learning algorithms like decision trees, support vector machine or neural networks.

Can a neural network estimate an object's dimension in the wild? In this paper, we propose a method and deep learning architecture to estimate the dimensions of a quadrilateral object of interest in videos using a monocular camera. The proposed technique does not use camera calibration or handcrafted geometric features; however, features are learned with the help of coefficients of a segmentation neural network during the training process. A real-time instance segmentation-based Deep Neural Network with a ResNet50 backbone is employed, giving the object's prototype mask and thus provides a region of interest to regress its dimensions. The instance segmentation network is trained to look at only the nearest object of interest. The regression is performed using an MLP head which looks only at the mask coefficients of the bounding box detector head and the prototype segmentation mask. We trained the system with three different random cameras achieving 22% MAPE for the test dataset for the dimension estimation

Minimising the longest travel distance for a group of mobile robots with interchangeable goals requires knowledge of the shortest length paths between all robots and goal destinations. Determining the exact length of the shortest paths in an environment with obstacles is challenging and cannot be guaranteed in a finite time. We propose an algorithm in which the accuracy of the path planning is iteratively increased. The approach provides a certificate when the uncertainties on estimates of the shortest paths become small enough to guarantee the optimality of the goal assignment. To this end, we apply results from assignment sensitivity assuming upper and lower bounds on the length of the shortest paths. We then provide polynomial-time methods to find such bounds by applying sampling-based path planning. The upper bounds are given by feasible paths, the lower bounds are obtained by expanding the sample set and leveraging knowledge of the sample dispersion. We demonstrate the application of the proposed method with a multi-robot path-planning case study.

The issue of left before treatment complete (LBTC) patients is common in emergency departments (EDs). This issue represents a medico-legal risk and may cause a revenue loss. Thus, understanding the factors that cause patients to leave before treatment is complete is vital to mitigate and potentially eliminate these adverse effects. This paper proposes a framework for studying the factors that affect LBTC outcomes in EDs. The framework integrates machine learning, metaheuristic optimization, and model interpretation techniques. Metaheuristic optimization is used for hyperparameter optimization--one of the main challenges of machine learning model development. Three metaheuristic optimization algorithms are employed for optimizing the parameters of extreme gradient boosting (XGB), which are simulated annealing (SA), adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), and adaptive tabu simulated annealing (ATSA). The optimized XGB models are used to predict the LBTC outcomes for the patients under treatment in ED. The designed algorithms are trained and tested using four data groups resulting from the feature selection phase. The model with the best predictive performance is interpreted using SHaply Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. The findings show that ATSA-XGB outperformed other mode configurations with an accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of 86.61%, 87.50%, 85.71%, 87.51%, and 86.60%, respectively. The degree and the direction of effects of each feature were determined and explained using the SHAP method.

The BLOOM model is a large open-source multilingual language model capable of zero-shot learning, but its pretraining was limited to 46 languages. To improve its zero-shot performance on unseen languages, it is desirable to adapt BLOOM, but previous works have only explored adapting small language models. In this work, we apply existing language adaptation strategies to BLOOM and benchmark its zero-shot prompting performance on eight new languages. We find language adaptation to be effective at improving zero-shot performance in new languages. Surprisingly, adapter-based finetuning is more effective than continued pretraining for large models. In addition, we discover that prompting performance is not significantly affected by language specifics, such as the writing system. It is primarily determined by the size of the language adaptation data. We also add new languages to BLOOMZ, which is a multitask finetuned version of BLOOM capable of following task instructions zero-shot. We find including a new language in the multitask fine-tuning mixture to be the most effective method to teach BLOOMZ a new language. We conclude that with sufficient training data language adaptation can generalize well to diverse languages. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/multilingual-modeling/}.

Large language models show improved downstream task performance when prompted to generate step-by-step reasoning to justify their final answers. These reasoning steps greatly improve model interpretability and verification, but objectively studying their correctness (independent of the final answer) is difficult without reliable methods for automatic evaluation. We simply do not know how often the stated reasoning steps actually support the final end task predictions. In this work, we present ROSCOE, a suite of interpretable, unsupervised automatic scores that improve and extend previous text generation evaluation metrics. To evaluate ROSCOE against baseline metrics, we design a typology of reasoning errors and collect synthetic and human evaluation scores on commonly used reasoning datasets. In contrast with existing metrics, ROSCOE can measure semantic consistency, logicality, informativeness, fluency, and factuality - among other traits - by leveraging properties of step-by-step rationales. We empirically verify the strength of our metrics on five human annotated and six programmatically perturbed diagnostics datasets - covering a diverse set of tasks that require reasoning skills and show that ROSCOE can consistently outperform baseline metrics.

Speed estimation of an ego vehicle is crucial to enable autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance technologies. Due to functional and legacy issues, conventional methods depend on in-car sensors to extract vehicle speed through the Controller Area Network bus. However, it is desirable to have modular systems that are not susceptible to external sensors to execute perception tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D-CNN with masked-attention architecture to estimate ego vehicle speed using a single front-facing monocular camera. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct experiments on two publicly available datasets, nuImages and KITTI. We also demonstrate the efficacy of masked-attention by comparing our method with a traditional 3D-CNN.